Transition to Parenthood and HIV Infection in Rural Zimbabwe
Identifieur interne : 000D24 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D23; suivant : 000D25Transition to Parenthood and HIV Infection in Rural Zimbabwe
Auteurs : Emanuele Del Fava [Italie] ; Raffaella Piccarreta [Italie] ; Simon Gregson [Royaume-Uni, Zimbabwe] ; Alessia Melegaro [Italie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The relationship between the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and people’s choices about life course events describing the transition to parenthood–sexual debut, union (in the form of marriage, cohabitation, or long-term relationship), and parenthood–is still unclear. A crucial role in shaping this relationship may be played by the sequence of these events and by their timing. This suggests the opportunity to focus on the life courses in their entirety rather than on the specific events, thus adopting a holistic approach that regards each individual’s life course trajectory as a whole.
We summarise the individual life courses describing the transition to parenthood using ordered sequences of the three considered events. We aim to (
For both genders, individuals who experienced either premarital or delayed childbearing have higher HIV risk compared to individuals following more standard transitions. This can be explained by the interplay of the sequences with known HIV proximate determinants, e.g., a longer exposure to sexual activity and higher rates of premarital sex. Moreover, we found that people in the younger birth cohorts experience more normative and safer sequences.
The shift of younger generations towards more normative transitions to parenthood is a sign of behaviour change that might have contributed to the observed reduction in HIV prevalence in the area. On the other hand, for people with less normative transitions, targeted strategies are essential for HIV prevention.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163730
PubMed: 27684998
PubMed Central: 5042509
Affiliations:
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Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Carlo F. 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Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piccarreta, Raffaella" sort="Piccarreta, Raffaella" uniqKey="Piccarreta R" first="Raffaella" last="Piccarreta">Raffaella Piccarreta</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Decision Science, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Decision Science, Bocconi University, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregson, Simon" sort="Gregson, Simon" uniqKey="Gregson S" first="Simon" last="Gregson">Simon Gregson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melegaro, Alessia" sort="Melegaro, Alessia" uniqKey="Melegaro A" first="Alessia" last="Melegaro">Alessia Melegaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>The relationship between the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and people’s choices about life course events describing the transition to parenthood–sexual debut, union (in the form of marriage, cohabitation, or long-term relationship), and parenthood–is still unclear. A crucial role in shaping this relationship may be played by the sequence of these events and by their timing. This suggests the opportunity to focus on the life courses in their entirety rather than on the specific events, thus adopting a holistic approach that regards each individual’s life course trajectory as a whole.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>We summarise the individual life courses describing the transition to parenthood using ordered sequences of the three considered events. We aim to (<italic>i</italic>) investigate the association between the sequences and HIV infection, and (<italic>ii</italic>) understand how these sequences interact with known mechanisms for HIV transmission, such as the length of sexual exposure and the experience of non-regular sexual partnerships. For this purpose, we use data from a general population cohort study run in Manicaland (Zimbabwe), a Sub-Saharan African area characterised by high HIV prevalence.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>For both genders, individuals who experienced either premarital or delayed childbearing have higher HIV risk compared to individuals following more standard transitions. This can be explained by the interplay of the sequences with known HIV proximate determinants, e.g., a longer exposure to sexual activity and higher rates of premarital sex. Moreover, we found that people in the younger birth cohorts experience more normative and safer sequences.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The shift of younger generations towards more normative transitions to parenthood is a sign of behaviour change that might have contributed to the observed reduction in HIV prevalence in the area. On the other hand, for people with less normative transitions, targeted strategies are essential for HIV prevention.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cuadros, Df" uniqKey="Cuadros D">DF Cuadros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Raddad, Lj" uniqKey="Abu Raddad L">LJ Abu-Raddad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gonese, E" uniqKey="Gonese E">E Gonese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mapako, T" uniqKey="Mapako T">T Mapako</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dzangare, J" uniqKey="Dzangare J">J Dzangare</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusakaniko, S" uniqKey="Rusakaniko S">S Rusakaniko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kilmarx, Ph" uniqKey="Kilmarx P">PH Kilmarx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Postma, Mj" uniqKey="Postma M">MJ 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P">PT-N Tabong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adongo, Pb" uniqKey="Adongo P">PB Adongo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ochsendorf, Fr" uniqKey="Ochsendorf F">FR Ochsendorf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kushnir, Va" uniqKey="Kushnir V">VA Kushnir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, W" uniqKey="Lewis W">W Lewis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watkins, Sc" uniqKey="Watkins S">SC Watkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schatz, E" uniqKey="Schatz E">E Schatz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reniers, G" uniqKey="Reniers G">G Reniers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, Ca" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">CA Nyamukapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, C" uniqKey="Schumacher C">C Schumacher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mugurungi, O" uniqKey="Mugurungi O">O Mugurungi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benedikt, C" uniqKey="Benedikt C">C Benedikt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mushati, P" uniqKey="Mushati P">P Mushati</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Zimbabwe</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Lombardie</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Milan</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Italie"><region name="Lombardie"><name sortKey="Del Fava, Emanuele" sort="Del Fava, Emanuele" uniqKey="Del Fava E" first="Emanuele" last="Del Fava">Emanuele Del Fava</name></region><name sortKey="Melegaro, Alessia" sort="Melegaro, Alessia" uniqKey="Melegaro A" first="Alessia" last="Melegaro">Alessia Melegaro</name><name sortKey="Melegaro, Alessia" sort="Melegaro, Alessia" uniqKey="Melegaro A" first="Alessia" last="Melegaro">Alessia Melegaro</name><name sortKey="Piccarreta, Raffaella" sort="Piccarreta, Raffaella" uniqKey="Piccarreta R" first="Raffaella" last="Piccarreta">Raffaella Piccarreta</name><name sortKey="Piccarreta, Raffaella" sort="Piccarreta, Raffaella" uniqKey="Piccarreta R" first="Raffaella" last="Piccarreta">Raffaella Piccarreta</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Gregson, Simon" sort="Gregson, Simon" uniqKey="Gregson S" first="Simon" last="Gregson">Simon Gregson</name></region></country><country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gregson, Simon" sort="Gregson, Simon" uniqKey="Gregson S" first="Simon" last="Gregson">Simon Gregson</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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